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5.0 Security Fundamentals

5.5 Describe remote access and site-to-site VPNs

1. Remote Access VPNs: Remote Access VPNs allow individuals or employees to securely connect to an organization's network from remote locations, such as from home or while traveling. The VPN creates a secure, encrypted tunnel between the remote device and the organization's network, allowing users to access network resources and communicate with other devices on the network as if they were physically connected.

2. Site-to-Site VPNs: Site-to-Site VPNs allow different branches of an organization or different organizations to securely connect their networks over the internet. The VPN creates a secure, encrypted connection between the networks, allowing devices on each network to communicate with each other as if they were directly connected. This can be useful for sharing resources, such as files or printers, between different locations, or for providing secure connectivity between remote offices.

Both Remote Access VPNs and Site-to-Site VPNs use encryption and authentication methods to secure the connection and prevent unauthorized access. They also provide an added layer of security by masking the IP addresses of the connected devices and hiding their traffic from prying eyes. The specific configuration and security measures used in a VPN will depend on the type of VPN and the requirements of the organization.

Configuring remote access vpn on a cisco ios device

Here are the steps to configure a remote access VPN on a Cisco IOS device:

1. Configure a virtual tunnel interface (VTI) to be used for the VPN.

2. Configure the Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) protocol for encryption and authentication of the VPN connection.

3. Define the encryption and authentication methods to be used, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).

4. Create a user authentication database to store the credentials of remote VPN users.

5. Configure the firewall to allow VPN traffic to pass through.

6. Create access control policies to control which users are allowed to access the VPN and which resources they are allowed to access.

7. Enable the VPN server to listen for incoming VPN connections.

Example configuration for a remote access VPN on a Cisco IOS device:

crypto isakmp policy 1
 encr aes
 authentication pre-share
crypto isakmp key my_shared_key address 0.0.0.0

crypto ipsec transform-set myset esp-aes esp-sha-hmac

crypto dynamic-map dynmap 10
 set transform-set myset

interface Tunnel0
 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
 tunnel source FastEthernet0/0
 tunnel destination 4.2.2.2

interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

access-list 101 permit ip 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

crypto map mymap 10 ipsec-isakmp dynamic dynmap

username user1 password cisco

group-policy GroupPolicy1 internal
group-policy GroupPolicy1 attributes
 vpn-tunnel-protocol IPSec

tunnel-group DefaultL2LGroup ipsec-attributes
 ikev1 pre-shared-key my_shared_key

tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes
 address-pool VPN_POOL
 default-group-policy GroupPolicy1

This is a basic example of how to configure a remote access VPN on a Cisco IOS device. It is important to plan and test the VPN configuration before deploying it in a live environment to ensure that it is secure and meets the organization's requirements.

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